S-g-m-d-nN-S
A creation of Maihar sitarist Kartik Kumar, matching the swara-set of ‘Malkauns double-Ni’ (or ‘Malkauns + Chandrakauns’). A consistently strong ma–murchana summons unmistakable flavours of the Western ‘Blues Scale’ (SgmMPnS), further accentuated by extended meend between the consecutive Ni positions (…I’ve used the exact same scale as a ‘modal sitar hack’ to play with Open G-tuned blues guitarists: and sitarists such as Rais Khan were directly experimenting with the blues scale as early as 1976). Seemingly unperformed by anyone outside the Kumar family, although Kartik once recorded an astonishing surbahar–pakhawaj rendition rendition, and his son Niladri has played it live and on a 2010 album (also see their duet below). The word ‘Tulsi’ refers to the ‘holy basil’ plant (ocimum tenuiflorum), renowned as an ayurvedic ingredient and used as an aromatic ‘blessed leaf’ in Hindu temple ceremonies, dedicated to the goddess Tulasi (an avatar of Lakshmi). Pleasingly, the raga forms an exact murchana of Marwa (from shuddha Ni: compare to others in the set). Compare to Kumar’s recording of ‘Chandramukhi‘, a prakriti form which to me sounds indistinguishable from Tulsikauns (indeed, the relationship between the ragas is unclear: perhaps a mistitling is at play…). Browse other ragas created by 20th-century sitarists, including Parameshwari, Madhyami, Monomanjari, Imratkauns, Shiv Manjari, Enayetkhani Kanada, and Ek Prakar ki Kauns – and also see my article What does ‘Kauns’ mean? A brief survey of all known Kaunsi ragas.
• Raga Masterlist (1000+) •
राग तुलसी कौन्स
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—Kartik & Niladri Kumar (1980s)—
[refrain, e.g. 6:14] d, d, d, NNS, ggm, mdnNnd, ggN, S/m\g, g\S, SS(n/)S, gSn\d; NSgm…
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Histories, melodies, mythologies, etc…
—Imagery: Ocimum Tenuiflorum—
“The holy basil plant is revered in Hinduism as a manifestation of Lakshmi, the principal consort of Vishnu. The plant is especially sacred to Vaishnavites – and Lord Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu, is said to wear a garland of holy basil flowers around his neck. The plant is grown in many Hindu homes, often in the courtyard, and the presence of a holy basil plant is believed to increase piety, foster meditation, purify, and protect. Devotees worship with mantras and offerings of flowers, incense, or water from the Ganges…”
• Recent Raga Index Updates (May 2026): Up to 365 Megalist pages! Recent adds include Asa, Bayati, Deepavali, Chanchalas Malhar, DoGa Kalyan, Gaud, Japaniya, Kaushiki, Latangi, Loom, Maru, Meerabai Malhar, Palas, Sarangkauns, Shankh Dhwani, Shivanjali, Sohini Bahar (+ try out ‘Audav Meladalan‘) • What does ‘Kauns’ mean? Analysing 60+ Kauns ragas • ‘Bifurcations‘: ‘poorvang vs. uttarang’ splits • Amir Khan’s ‘168 merukhands’ • Introduced the ‘complements‘ concept • Experiments (e.g. overtonal Bhairav, jazz Malkauns) • Survey of Sa Tunings • More Masterlist ragas (1000+)
Raag Jog: exploring different ways the electric guitar can support a Dhrupad-ang nomtom (syllabic improvisation)…
(From ‘Around the World in Eight Ragas’: my show with Ashwin Baliga & Marc Clayton at Mehfil Space on 11 Jun 2026) @ashwinbaligaofficial @marc_plays_tabla @mehfilspace
#dhrupad #raga #indianmusic #icm #worldmusic
Jun 28
Raag Kafi: Electric guitar improv around the adha bandish ‘Aaj Khel Shaam Sang Hori’
(From ‘Around the World in Eight Ragas’: my show with Ashwin Baliga & Marc Clayton at Mehfil Space on 11 Jun 2026) @ashwinbaligaofficial @marc_plays_tabla @mehfilspace
#raga #indianmusic #icm #worldmusic #ragaguitar
Jun 22
Raag Jog: some sawal-jawab (‘question-answer’) fun with Marc Clayton on tabla
(From ‘Around the World in Eight Ragas’: my show with Ashwin Baliga & Marc Clayton at Mehfil Space on 11 Jun 2026) @ashwinbaligaofficial @marc_plays_tabla @mehfilspace
#raga #indianmusic #icm #worldmusic #ragaguitar
Jun 15
Some tintal improv around a wonderful Durga bandish I’ll be playing at @mehfilspace @the_rose_hill in Brighton on Thu 11th June! with vocalist @ashwinbaligaofficial and @marc_plays_tabla
https://therosehill.co.uk/event/the-mehfil-space-presents-around-the-world-in-8-ragas/
‘Around the World in 8 Ragas’: exploring cross-cultural melodic forms (e.g. scales that turn up independently in Japan, India, Mali, etc)
#indianmusic #raga #icm #brightonmusic #ragaguitar
Jun 10
Come see me play some bendy raga-guitar at @mehfilspace @the_rose_hill in Brighton on Thu 11th June! with vocalist @ashwinbaligaofficial and @marc_plays_tabla
https://therosehill.co.uk/event/the-mehfil-space-presents-around-the-world-in-8-ragas/
‘Around the World in 8 Ragas’: exploring cross-cultural melodic forms (e.g. scales that turn up independently in Japan, India, Mali, etc) – including this piece, a famous Bhairavi bhajan by Pt. Bhimsen Joshi (Jo Bhaje Hari Ko Sada)
#bhajan #raga #indianmusic #brightonmusic #ragaguitar
Jun 5
tomato can jungle/DnB (distracted while cooking)
#drumming #percussion #dnb #jungle
May 23
A great Jaunpuri gat from Senia-Shahjahanpur sarod legend Pt Buddhadev DasGupta, full of fast bends and slides (originally released for Joep Bor’s 1997 Raga Guide, in many ways a precursor to my own raga index)
Raag Jaunpuri: a late morning raga, likely originating in the Sultanate-era music of Jaunpur in Uttar Pradesh (as per Subodh Agrawal: “The rulers of Jaunpur were keen patrons of the arts, and the last one – Sultan Hussain Sharqi – was himself a distinguished musician; it is probable that the Jaunpuri flavor of Asavari was developed by him, or under his patronage“). Rajan Parrikar elaborates on its “Asavariant” status, noting that some (including Omkarnath Thakur) see it as essentially indistinguishable from Shuddha Re Asavari, while others consider Jaunpuri to follow more ‘rounded’ melodic motions…
#sarod #ragaguitar #stratocaster #worldmusic #jaunpur
May 6
just for fun…I had to defend the honour of my main instrument against my second instrument (many thanks to @mountainhead for the original video, as well as some tasty bends) – still no match for the surbahar’s meend range though!
#sitar #guitar #raga #bends #ragaguitar
May 4
• Classifiers •
Explore hidden inter-raga connections: swara geometries, melodic features, murchana sets, ragangas, & more (also see the Full Tag List):
Swaras: -4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10+
Sapta: Audav | Shadav | Sampurna
Poorvang: SRGM | SRG | SRM | SGM
Uttarang: PDNS | PDS | PNS | DNS
Varjit: Re | Ga | Ma | Pa | Dha | Ni
Thaat: 10 | 32 | Enclosed | Inexact
Chal: All-shuddha | All-komal | Ma-tivra
Gaps: Anh. | Hemi. | 3-row | 4-row | 5-row
Aroha: Audav | Shadav | Sampurna
Avroh: Audav | Shadav | Sampurna
Jati: Equal | Balanced | Av.+1 | Av.+2
Samay: Morning | Aftern. | Eve. | Night
Construction: Jod | Mishra | Oddball
Origin: Ancient | Carnatic | Modern
Dominance: Poorvang | Uttarang
Prevalence: A-list | Prachalit | Aprach.
• Prakriti: Nabhukauns, Nawakauns, Neelkauns
Also see other ragas with generic swaras ‘Sa-Ga-Ma-Dha-Ni‘ – and compare to other members of the Kauns raganga
–Swara Geometries–
• Core form: S–g–m–d–nN–S
• Reverse: SrRGPDS
• Complement: SrRGMPDS
• Imperfect: 2 (Sa, Ni)
• Detached: 1 (Ni)
• Symmetries: none
• Murchanas: Marwa set
–Global Translations–
• Carnatic: (~Hindolam)
S-G2-M1-D1-N2-N3-S
• Jazz: Mixolymic
1-b3-4-b6-b7-7-8
• Pitch classes (‘fret-jumps’):
0-3-5-8-10-11-0
(3–2–3–2–1–1)
o • • o • o • • o • o o o
• Tanpura: Sa–ma
• Names: Tulsikauns, Tulsi Kauns
• Transliterations: Hindi (तुलसी कौन्स)
—Kartik Kumar (~1970s)—
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George Howlett is a London-based musician, writer, and teacher (guitars, sitar, tabla, & santoor). Above all I seek to enthuse fellow sonic searchers, interconnecting fresh vibrations with the voices, cultures, and passions behind them. See Homepage for more, and hit me up for Lessons!
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